Explanation: Article 129. Article 135- Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court. Article 126- Appointment of acting Chief Justice, Article 131- Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

Explanation: Article 110. Article 100: Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum, Article 115: Supplementary, additional or excess grants, and Article 120: Language to be used in Parliament.

Explanation: Article 30. Article 36- Definition of state. Article 28- Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions. Article 25 – Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.

Explanation: 368. The procedure of amendment in the constitution is laid down in Part XX (Article 368) of the Constitution of India. Article 342 deals with the provisions related to Scheduled Tribes. Article 351- Directive for development of the Hindi language. Article 374- Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court.

Explanation: Article 338B (1). Article 243S(1) – There shall be constituted Wards Committees, consisting of one or more wards, within the territorial area of a Municipality having a population of three lakhs or more.

Explanation: Article 343 (3).

Explanation: 1949. On 6 August 2019, the Government of India revoked the special status, or autonomy, granted under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution to Jammu and Kashmir.

Explanation: Article 320. Article 312- All India Services. Articles (308 – 314) – Contain provisions with regard to All India Services, Central services and state services. Article – 316 – Appointment and term of office of members.

Explanation: 7th. The Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India defines and specifies allocation of powers and functions between Union & States. It contains three lists; i.e. Union List (100 subjects), State List (61 items) and Concurrent List (52 items).

Explanation: Article 343(1). Article 343(2) -The Constitution adopted in 1950 stipulated that English and Hindi would be used for the Union’s official business for a period of fifteen years. Article 354 deals with the application of provisions related to the distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.

Explanation: Article 149. Article 234-“Appointments of persons other than district judges to the judicial service of a State shall be made by the Governor. Article 189-Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum. Article 354- Application of provisions relating to the distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency.

Explanation: Article 279A. It empowers the president to constitute a joint forum of the central and states namely, Goods and Services Tax Council. The GST Council is a constitutional body for making recommendations to the union and state government on issues related to Goods and Service Tax.

Explanation: Article 109. Rajya Sabha (Council of States), the upper house of the Parliament of India. A money bill is a specific type of financial legislation that exclusively deals with matters related to taxes, government revenues, or expenditures.

Explanation: Article 348 (1). 329(a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies, made or purporting to be made under Article 327 or Article 328, shall not be called in question in any court

Explanation: Article 98. Article 123- Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament. Article 155- Appointment of the Governor. Article 34- Restriction on rights conferred by third Part while martial law is in force in any area.

Explanation: Article 198. A money bill contains the imposition, abolition, remission, change, or regulation of any tax, according to the Constitution.

Explanation: Article 265. Article 107- Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills. Article 123- Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament. Article 301- Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse.

Explanation: Article 356.

Explanation: Article 361. Protection of President and Governors and Rajprakukhs.

Explanation: Articles 74(1). Article 74 (2) – The question if any, and if so what, advice was tendered by Ministers to the President shall not be inquired into in any court.

Explanation: Article 48. Article 84- Qualification for membership of Parliament. Article 92- The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.

Explanation: Health and sanitation. The 11th schedule of the Indian constitution was added in 1992 by the 73rd constitutional Amendment Act. This schedule contains 29 subjects. These include Rural electrification, Fisheries, drinking water, Fodder, Animal Husbandry, dairying and Poultry, Agriculture and Land Improvement.

Explanation: Mizoram. The Sixth Schedule consists of provisions for the administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram, according to Article 244 of the Indian Constitution.

Explanation: Article 168 of the Indian Constitution, there shall be a legislature in every State and it shall consist of the Governor. Article 167 casts on the Chief Minister the duty to keep the Governor informed of all decisions of the Council of Ministers in regard to administration and legislation. Article 163- There shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister as the head to aid and advise the Governor in the exercise of his functions.

Explanation: Article 347 Under part XVII, of the Indian constitution : Special Provision Relating to Language Spoken by a Section of the Population of a State.

Explanation: Article 140. Article 150- Form of accounts of the Union and of the States. Article 143- Power of the President to consult the Supreme Court. Article 138- Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

Explanation: The second schedule of the Indian constitution talks about the salary and emoluments of the various posts such as president, vice president, chairman, deputy chairman, judges of supreme court and high court and many more. Whereas Languages have been mentioned in eight schedules.

Explanation: 1978. The right to property was listed under Article 31 before its deletion. At present the right to property is listed under Article 300A as a legal right.

Explanation: Part III (Article 12 to 35) – It contains the provision regarding Fundamental Rights. The 73rd Amendment Act – It was enacted in 1992 and came into force from April 1993. It added Part IX (Article 243-243O) to the constitution. It was enacted to implement the Directive Principles of State Policy under Article 40 on the recommendation of L.M. Singhvi Committee. Its provisions: Constitution of District Planning Committees, State Election Commissions to conduct all panchayat elections, Establishment of State Finance Commissions.

Explanation: Two. Article 368 (Part XX) – Power of parliament to amend the constitution and its procedures. Two types of amendments: The special Majority, and special majority of parliament along with the ratification of half of the state’s legislatures by a simple majority. The procedure of amending the constitution has been adopted from the constitution of South Africa.

Explanation: Fundamental Duties (Article 51-A): These were incorporated in Part IV-A of the Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. Originally 10 in number, 11th duty was added through the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002.

Explanation: 1967. Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act – Its main objective is dealing with activities directed against the integrity and sovereignty of India. It assigns absolute power to the central government and provides for death penalty and life imprisonment of culprits. Related acts – Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) 1958; Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002; The National Investigation Agency Act, 2008; The Anti-Hijacking Act, 2016.

Explanation: 42nd Amendment Act,1976 (‘Mini Constitution’): Added three new words (socialist, secular and integrity) in the Preamble. Seventh Schedule – Shifted 5 subjects from the state list to the concurrent list. Fundamental Duties – Article 51A was added. Added three new Directive Principles (equal justice and free legal aid, the participation of workers in the management of industries and protection of the environment, forests, and wildlife). Part XIV-A – Articles 323A and 323B for Tribunals were added.

Explanation: State Governments. Purpose of establishment of family court – To promote conciliation and secure speedy settlement of disputes relating to marriage and family affairs and for related matters. This bill was passed by Lok Sabha on 26th July 2022. This bill has granted statutory cover to already established family courts in Himachal Pradesh and Nagaland.

Explanation: 105th. Reservation in India: Other Backward Class (OBCs) were included in the ambit of reservation in 1991 on the recommendations of the Mandal Commission. It recommended a 27% reservation quota for OBC. Constitutional Provisions: Part XVI deals with reservation of SC and ST in Central and State legislatures. Article 338 – National Commission for Scheduled Castes. Article 338A – National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. Article 338B – National Commission for Backward Classes. 342A – Socially and educationally backward classes.

Explanation: The States Reorganisation Act (1956), under the provisions of Part I (Article 3). The State Reorganisation Commission (SRC) was constituted in 1953 appointed by Jawahar Lal Nehru. It was headed by Sir Fazal Ali. The first state formed on the linguistic basis is Andhra Pradesh (1 October 1953). Formation of other states: Gujarat and Maharashtra (1960), Karnataka (1956), Nagaland (1963), Haryana (1966), Sikkim (1975).

Explanation: One (Article 38 was added). Directive Principles of State Policy: Part IV of the Constitution of India (Article 36–51). It was borrowed from the Irish Constitution. Article 38 – State to secure a social order for the promotion of the welfare of the people. It is not enforceable by law and is non-justiciable. Article 37 – Application of the principles contained in the directive principles.

Explanation: Three. The Delhi Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2022 introduced in Lok Sabha aims to unify the previously trifurcated North, South, and East Delhi Municipal Corporations under the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957. It amended the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957 passed by Parliament.

Explanation: 2015. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act – It replaced the Juvenile Delinquency Law and the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children Act) 2000.The bill was passed in Lok Sabha in March 2021. It allows the trial of juveniles of the age group of 16-18 years as adults. Nodal Ministry – Ministry of Women and Child Development.

Explanation: 61st. It was done by amending Article 326 of the constitution in 1988. 81st Constitutional Amendment Act 2000 was inserted to protect the reservation for SCs and STs in backlog of vacancies. 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act 1985, known as anti-defection law and 10th schedule added in the Indian constitution. 72nd Constitutional Amendment Act 1992 provides reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Tripura State Legislative Assembly.

Explanation: 74th Amendment Act 1992. It was passed to constitutionalize the system of urban local government. 71st Amendment Act of 1992 included Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali languages in the eighth schedule. 97th Amendment Act of 2011 granted constitutional status to cooperative societies and inserted Part IXB in the constitution. 69th Amendment Act of 1991 granted a special status to the union territory of Delhi as the national capital territory of Delhi.

Explanation: 7th Amendment. This constitutional amendment was done in 1956 to reorganise the classes of states in the country and to change the powers and functions of the state governors. 1 st Amendment (1951) – The rights of property owners and made it more difficult for the government to enact land reform measures. It also added the Ninth Schedule, which protected certain laws from being challenged in the courts. 9 th Amendment (1960) – Facilitate the cession of the Berubari union. 13th Amendment (1962) – Nagaland was formed with special status under Article 371A.

Explanation: Eighth Schedule. 22 languages in this schedule. 21st Amendment Act (1967) – Include Sindhi language. 92nd Amendment Act (2003) – Include Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali language. 5th schedule – The President can declare any such area or the whole state as a scheduled area. 6th schedule – Deals with administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram. 7th Schedule – Deals with the division of powers between the Union government and State governments

Explanation: The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) was established by amending Article 338 and inserting a new Article 338A in the Constitution.

Explanation: 36th. 51st amendment: Reservation of seats in the Lok Sabha for Scheduled Tribes in Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Mizoram as well as in the Legislative Assemblies of Meghalaya and Nagaland. 30th amendment: Abolished provision to appeal to the Supreme Court on a civil case related to a certain amount.

Explanation: A and B only. 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act – introduced 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) of India, inserted Article 15 (6) and Article 16 (6). Article 368 – empowers Parliament to amend any part of the Constitution but without affecting the ‘basic structure’.

Explanation: 93rd Amendment 2005. 95th (2009): Extended the reservation of seats for the SCs and STs and special representation for the Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and the state legislative assemblies for a further period of ten years i.e., up to 2020 (Article 334). 96th (2011): Substituted “Odia” for “Oriya”. Consequently, the “Oriya” language in the Eighth Schedule shall be pronounced as “Odia”. 94th (2006), made provisions for the appointment of a Minister in charge of tribal welfare in the states of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand.

Explanation: 99th Amendment 2014. 97th amendment 2011- It gave special constitutional status and protection to all the cooperative societies (Part IX-B) prevailing in India.

Explanation: 10th Amendment (1961) incorporated Dadra and Nagar Haveli as the seventh Union territory of India, by amending the First Schedule to the Constitution. The Twelfth Amendment (1962) incorporated Goa, Daman and Diu as the eighth Union territory of India. The Fourteenth Amendment (1962) incorporated Pondicherry as the ninth Union territory of India. The Nineteenth Amendment (1966) abolished Election Tribunals in India and enabled trial of election petitions by High Courts.

Explanation: Twenty-fourth Amendment (1971) – Enables Parliament to dilute Fundamental Rights through Amendments of the Constitution, and empowers it to amend any provision of the Constitution. The Twenty-third Amendment, 1969, discontinued reservation of seats for the Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, both in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assembly and stipulated that not more than one Anglo-Indian could be nominated by the Governor to any State Legislative Assembly. The Twentieth Amendment, 1966, inserted a new Article 233A inter alia validating the appointments, postings, promotions, and transfers of and judgements, delivered before the commencement of the present Act, by district judges .