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General Studies
Q1. Which of the following pairs is INCORRECTLY matched?
(A) Cushing’s syndrome – Cortisol
(B) Diabetes – Insulin
(C) Goitre -Thyroxine
(D) Acromegaly – Adrenaline
Answer: (D) Acromegaly – Adrenaline
Explanation: Acromegaly is a disorder that occurs when the body makes too much growth hormone (GH); Produced mainly in the pituitary gland (a pea-sized gland just below the brain). In adults, too much of this hormone causes bones, cartilage, body organs, and other tissues to increase in size.
Q2. Match the columns.
Column-A (Disorder) | Column-B (Hormone/Gland) |
i. Addison’s disease | a. Adrenal gland |
ii. Hashimoto’s disease | b. Thyroid gland |
iii. Acromegaly | c. Growth hormone |
iv. SIADH | d. Vasopressin |
(A) i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c
(B) i-b, ii-c, iii-a, iv-d
(C) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d
(D) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a
Answer: (C) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d
Explanation: Glands and their secreted hormones : Hypothalamus gland – Gonadotropin hormone Pineal Gland – Melatonin hormone. Thyroid gland – Triiodothyronine hormone. Pancreas – Somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide hormone. Adrenal Glands – Adrenaline hormone. Pituitary Gland – thyroid (stimulating hormone), LH (Luteinizing Hormone), FSH (follicle stimulating hormone).
Q3. Match the columns.
Column-A (Disorder) | Column-B (Enzyme) |
i. Gaucher disease | a. Phenylalanin hydroxylase |
ii. Hunter syndrome | b. Hexosaminidase |
iii. Tay-Sachs disease | c. Iduronate-2- sulfatase |
iv. Phenylketonuria | d. Glucocerebrosidase |
(A) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d
(B) i-b, ii-c, iii-a, iv-d
(C) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a
(D) i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c
Answer: (C) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a
Explanation: Gaucher disease – It is the result of a buildup of certain fatty substances in certain organs, particularly spleen and liver. Hunter syndrome – It occurs in children assigned male at birth (AMAB). Child’s body doesn’t properly break down (digest) certain sugar molecules. Tay – Sachs disease – A rare genetic disorder passed from parents to child, caused by the absence of an enzyme that helps break down fatty substances (Gangliosides). Phenylketonuria (PKU) – An inherited disorder that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in the body.
Q4. Which disease is caused by excessive iron deposition within the reticuloendothelial cells of the liver, spleen and bone marrow?
(A) Paraesthesia
(B) Hemosiderosis
(C) Ariboflavinosis
(D) Dermatitis
Answer: (B) Hemosiderosis
Explanation: Ariboflavinosis is caused by deficiency of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) include skin disorders, hyperemia (excess blood) and edema of the mouth and throat, angular stomatitis, cheilosis (swollen, cracked lips), hair loss, reproductive problems, sore throat, itchy and red eyes. Paraesthesia – An abnormal touch sensation, such as burning or prickling that is caused by underlying neurological disease or traumatic nerve damage. Dermatitis (eczema) – Redness, and irritation of the skin caused by air pollution.
Q5. Deficiency of which of the following vitamins in the human diet causes a disease called xerophthalmia?
(A) A
(B) K
(C) C
(D) D
Answer: (A) A
Explanation: Vitamin A (Retinol). Vitamin was discovered by Casimir Funk (1912).
Q6. Which among the following organs in the human body, is most affected by Pneumonia disease?
(A) Kidneys
(B) Urinary bladder
(C) Heart
(D) Lungs
Answer: (D) Lungs
Explanation: Pneumonia is an inflammation of lungs caused by a bacterial, viral or fungal infection. The Most common cause is Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus bacteria). Cough, Fever, sweating, chest pain and Loss of appetite are the most common symptoms.
Q7. What is added to toothpaste to reduce tooth decay?
(A) Iron
(B) Cobalt
(C) Fluoride
(D) Molybdenum
Answer: (C) Fluoride
Explanation: Fluoride – It is a mineral that strengthens tooth enamel and makes it more resistant to acid attacks from bacteria in the mouth.
Q8. Which among the following is NOT a bacterial disease?
(A) Cholera
(B) Rabies
(C) Typhoid
(D) Plague
Answer: (B) Rabies
Explanation: It is a Zoonotic and viral disease. It is caused by Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) virus that is present in the saliva of rabid animals (dog, monkey, etc.). Rabies Vaccine was discovered by Louis Pasteur in 1885.
Q9. Which of the following is ‘NOT’ an example of communicable diseases?
(A) Chicken Pox
(B) Common cold
(C) Diabetes
(D) Tuberculosis
Answer: (C) Diabetes
Explanation: Communicable diseases – Caused by viruses or bacteria, that spread to one another through contact with contaminated surfaces, bodily fluids, blood products, insect bites, or through the air. Examples – HIV, hepatitis A, B, and C, measles, influenza, coronaviruses, and blood-borne illnesses.
Q10. The disease-causing microbes are called __.
(A) toxins
(B) pathogens
(C) decomposers
(D) antibodies
Answer: (B) pathogens
Explanation: Examples of Pathogens – Bacteria (Tuberculosis), Viruses (Covid – 19), Fungi (Candidiasis), Protists (Malaria), Parasitic worms (Taeniasis). Toxins – Substances created by plants and animals that are poisonous to humans. Example – Anthrax lethal toxin (Produced by Bacillus anthracis).
Q11. “Goitre” is a disease of which of the following glands?
(A) Thyroid gland
(B) Pancreas
(C) Adrenal gland
(D) Pituitary gland
Answer: (A) Thyroid gland
Explanation: Thyroid gland – It is a ductless endocrine gland situated in the anterior/front portion of the neck. Pituitary gland – It is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions by producing and releasing hormones that control the activities of other endocrine glands in the body.
Q12. Which of the following diseases is not caused by a mosquito bite?
(A) Hepatitis
(B) Dengue
(C) Malaria
(D) Elephantiasis
Answer: (A) Hepatitis
Explanation: Hepatitis : Caused by Virus, Effects Liver, World Hepatitis Day – 28 July. Elephantiasis – Also called Lymphatic Filariasis, it Impairs the lymphatic system. Dengue – Caused by Dengue Virus, Carrier – Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Malaria : Caused by Plasmodium parasite. Spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes, World Malaria Day – 25 April.
Q13. Chikungunya is an infection caused by _ mosquito.
(A) Culex
(B) Mansonia
(C) Aedes
(D) Anopheles
Answer: (C) Aedes
Explanation: Aedes : It is a species of mosquito that causes dengue, yellow fever and zika virus. Anopheles Mosquito is a species of mosquito that causes malaria. Culex Mosquito is a species of mosquito that spreads viruses that cause Japanese encephalitis, West Nile virus.
Q14. Which among the following is a bacterial disease?
(A) Rabies
(B) Leprosy
(C) Malaria
(D) Ebola
Answer: (B) Leprosy
Explanation: Hansen’s disease (leprosy) is an infection caused by slow – growing bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. It can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose (nasal mucosa). Bacterial disease – Typhoid, Cholera, Tuberculosis. Viral disease – Common cold, Influenza, HIV infection, Dengue Covid-19, Ebola. Protozoal disease – Malaria, Kala azar.
Q15. Which of the following pairs of ‘disease – duration’ is correct?
I. Acute-long duration
II. Chronic – short time
(A) Only II
(B) Neither I nor II
(C) Only I
(D) Both I and II
Answer: (B) Neither I nor II
Explanation: Diseases are mainly classified into two categories – Acute and Chronic. Acute diseases : Last for a short duration of time, affect the body suddenly and progress quickly e.g., common cold, flu. Chronic diseases : Last for a longer duration of time varying from months or years to as much as life time, affect the health and organs of the body. e.g. tuberculosis, elephantiasis, hepatitis A.
Q16. _ diseases last for only shorter periods of time.
(A) Hereditary
(B) Chronic
(C) Acute
(D) Genetic
Answer: (C) Acute
Explanation: Acute conditions are often caused by a virus or an infection. Example – Common cold, typhoid, jaundice, cholera etc. Genetic disorder : An inherited medical condition caused by a DNA abnormality. Eg; Congenital deafness, Cystic fibrosis, Beta thalassemia and Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). A chronic condition is a health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time. Eg; Arthritis, Asthma, Cancer etc.
Q17. Which of the following disease is caused by fungi?
(A) Covid-19
(B) Ring Worm
(C) Tuberculosis
(D) Cholera
Answer: (B) Ring Worm
Explanation: Fungi are responsible for various diseases in human beings. Aspergillus infection, Athlete’s foot, Jock itch, Ringworm, Coccidioidomycosis, Sporotrichosis, valley fever, histoplasmosis are a few of the many deadly diseases caused by fungi. Tuberculosis, Anthrax, Tetanus, Leptospirosis, Pneumonia, Cholera, Botulism are the diseases caused by bacteria.
Q18. Which among the following is a viral disease ?
(A) Chicken pox
(B) Tuberculosis
(C) Whooping Cough
(D) Malaria
Answer: (A) Chicken pox
Explanation: Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Varicella vaccine (developed by Michiaki Takahashi in 1974) is a vaccine that protects against chickenpox. Whooping Cough is caused by Bacteria (Bordetella pertussis).
Q19. Which of the following options is correct regarding sexually transmitted disease (STD)?
Statement A: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person through sexual contact.
Statement B: HIV, HPV and Hepatitis B virus is responsible for STD.
(A) Both Statements A and B incorrect
(B) Only Statement B is correct
(C) Both Statements A and B correct
(D) Only Statement A is correct
Answer: (C) Both Statements A and B correct
Explanation: STDs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Examples – gonorrhea, genital herpes, human papillomavirus infection, HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)/AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), chlamydia, and syphilis.
Q20. Deficiency of which of the following vitamins causes excessive bleeding from wounds?
(A) Vitamin D
(B) Vitamin E
(C) Vitamin A
(D) Vitamin K
Answer: (D) Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K benefits include supporting bone, and heart health. Prothrombin is a vitamin K-dependent protein directly involved with blood clotting. Osteocalcin is another protein that requires vitamin K to produce healthy bone tissue.
Q21. Match column A with column B.
Column A | Column A |
i. Kwashiorkor | a. Iodine deficiency |
ii. Weak bones and muscles | b. Iron deficiency |
iii. Anemia | c. calcium deficiency |
iv. Goitre | d. Protein deficiency |
(A) i-c, ii-b, iii-d, iv-a
(B) i-b, ii-a, iii-c, iv-d
(C) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a
(D) i-b, ii-c, iii-a, iv-d
Answer: (C) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a
Explanation: i-d, ii- c, iii-b, iv-a.
Q22. Which of the following pairs of plant diseases – microorganisms is correct?
I. Citrus canker – Virus
II. Rust of wheat – Fungi
(A) Only II
(B) Neither I nor II
(C) Only I
(D) Both I and II
Answer: (A) Only II
Explanation: Rust of wheat – Fungi . (Plant disease, Microorganisms) – (Yellow vein mosaic, Virus), (Aster yellows, Bacteria), (Crown gall, Bacteria), (Ergot, Fungi), (Anthracnose, Fungi), (Black knot, Fungi), (Snow mold, Fungi).
Q23. __ is a technique in which cancer cells are damaged with radiation, while limiting the harm to nearby healthy tissue.
(A) Radiotherapy
(B) Physiotherapy
(C) Surgery
(D) Chemotherapy
Answer: (A) Radiotherapy
Explanation: Radiotherapy (Radiation therapy) . Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast – growing cells in your body. Physiotherapy is a treatment to restore, maintain, and make the most of a patient’s mobility, function, and well – being. Surgery is a branch of medicine that is concerned with the treatment of injuries, diseases, and other disorders by manual and instrumental means.
Q24. Typhoid fever is caused by __.
(A) viruses
(B) protozoa
(C) bacteria
(D) fungi
Answer: (C) bacteria
Explanation: Its diseases and their causative agents – Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae), Cholera (Vibrio cholerae), Leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae), Pertussis (Bordetella pertussis), Tetanus (Clostridium tetani), Plague (Yersinia pestis), etc.
Q25. Athlete’s foot is a disease caused by _.
(A) virus
(B) bacteria
(C) genetic disorder
(D) fungi
Answer: (D) fungi
Explanation: Other diseases caused by fungi are ringworm, Yeast Infection, Onychomycosis and jock itch , Aspergillus infection , Coccidioidomycosis , Sporotrichosis, valley fever , histoplasmosis, etc.
Q26. How is tuberculosis spread in humans?
(A) Inoculation into skin
(B) Droplet infection
(C) Direct touching
(D) Contact with soil
Answer: (B) Droplet infection
Explanation: Tuberculosis (TB) – It is usually caused by the Bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared TB a “Global Health Emergency” in 1993.
Q27. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Beriberi caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin B1?
(A) Slowly healing wounds
(B) Involuntary eye movement
(C) Difficulty speaking
(D) Pain in the limbs
Answer: (A) Slowly healing wounds
Explanation: Symptoms of Beri Beri – Difficulty walking, Loss of muscle function or paralysis of the lower legs, Mental confusion/speech difficulties, Loss of feeling (sensation) in hands and feet, Strange eye movements (nystagmus), Tingling, Vomiting.
Q28. Which disease refers to the inflammation of the liver caused by a variety of infectious viruses and non – infectious agents leading to a variety of health problems?
(A) Tuberculosis
(B) Pneumonia
(C) Hepatitis
(D) Diabetes
Answer: (C) Hepatitis
Explanation: Hepatotropic viruses include A, B, C, D, and E. World Hepatitis Day – 28th July. Pneumonia can be caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Diabetes is a disease that occurs when blood sugar becomes too high.
Q29. Identify the disease that is caused due to inadequate secretion of the hormone insulin from the pancreas?
(A) Tuberculosis
(B) Diabetes mellitus
(C) Blood cancer
(D) Gallstones
Answer: (B) Diabetes mellitus
Explanation: Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affects the use of blood sugar (glucose) by the body. There are three main types of diabetes : type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes (diabetes while pregnant). Diabetes damages the nerves and causes problems with sensation.
Q30. Identify the disease caused by a monkey bite.
(A) Malaria
(B) Typhoid
(C) Influenza
(D) Rabies
Answer: (D) Rabies
Explanation: It is a fatal but preventable viral disease. It can spread to people and pets if they are bitten or scratched by rabid animals like dogs, bats, monkeys, raccoons, skunks, and foxes. Risks from monkey bites include serious wound infections, herpes B virus, and rabies.
Q31. What disease in adults means ‘soft bones’ that usually develops due to a deficiency of vitamin D (often from not getting enough sunlight), or less often, digestive or kidney disease?
(A) Osteopenia
(B) Osteomyelitis
(C) Osteomalacia
(D) Osteoporosis
Answer: (C) Osteomalacia
Explanation: Osteomalacia – a disorder of “bone softening” (common in women during pregnancy). Osteomyelitis is inflammation of the bone caused by infection, generally in the legs, arm, or spine. Osteopenia is a condition that occurs when the body doesn’t make new bone as quickly as it reabsorbs old bone.
Q32. Identify a way that does NOT prevent a non-communicable disease from occurring in someone.
(A) Blood transfusion
(B) Adequate sleep
(C) Balanced diet
(D) Healthy diet
Answer: (A) Blood transfusion
Explanation: The main types of Non Communicable Disease are cardiovascular diseases (such as heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and diabetes.
Q33. Poor sanitation conditions may NOT be the likely reason behind which of the following diseases/conditions?
(A) Typhoid
(B) Cholera
(C) Arthritis
(D) Polio
Answer: (C) Arthritis
Explanation: Arthritis is caused by inflammation of the joints. Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with Vibrio cholerae bacteria.
Q34. Which of the following diseases CANNOT be prevented by vaccination?
(A) Rabies
(B) Beri beri
(C) Typhoid
(D) Measles
Answer: (B) Beri beri
Explanation: It is caused by the lack of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine). Imovax is a vaccine used as a rabies pre exposure immunisation. Parenteral Vi polysaccharide and oral Ty21a are both acceptable forms of typhoid vaccine. Measles can be prevented with the MMR vaccine.
Q35. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “Hygiene refers to _ and practices that help to maintain _ and _ the spread of diseases.”
(A) situations, fitness, prevent
(B) values, health, stop
(C) conditions, physique, retard
(D) conditions, health, prevent
Answer: (D) conditions, health, prevent
Explanation: Conditions, health, prevent. World Health Organization – Headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland, Founded on 7th April 1948.
Q36. Which of the following is a type of plant disease?
(A) Botulism
(B) Blight
(C) Coccidiosis
(D) Mastitis
Answer: (B) Blight
Explanation: It is caused by fungal or bacterial pathogens. Common Plant Disease are Black Spot, Other Leaf Spots, Powdery Mildew, Downy Mildew, Canker.
Q37. _ is a disorder resulting in abnormal electrical discharge from the brain cells causing seizures,
(A) Prostatitis
(B) Hypoglycaemia
(C) Epilepsy
(D) Rheumatoid arthritis
Answer: (C) Epilepsy
Explanation: Prostatitis is a disorder of the prostate gland usually associated with inflammation. A low blood sugar level, also called hypoglycaemia is where the level of sugar (glucose) in your blood drops too low. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting many joints, including those in the hands and feet.
Q38. Which of the following is NOT a type of mosquito?
(A) Limulus
(B) Culex
(C) Aedes
(D) Anopheles
Answer: (A) Limulus
Explanation: Limulus is a genus of horseshoe crab. Culex, a large group of mosquitoes also known as common house mosquitoes, are the principal vectors that spread the viruses that cause West Nile fever, St. Louis encephalitis, and Japanese encephalitis. Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, is a mosquito that can spread dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika fever, Mayaro and yellow fever viruses.
Q39. Which of the following factors is responsible for the disease called ‘Mad Hatter Disease’?
(A) inhaling iron dust
(B) inhaling silica dust
(C) mercury poisoning
(D) Vitamin-D deficiency
Answer: (C) mercury poisoning
Explanation: The inhalation of mercury vapour can produce harmful effects on the nervous, digestive and immune systems, lungs and kidneys, and may be fatal.
Q40. Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by a flavivirus?
(A) Polio
(B) Yellow fever
(C) Dengue
(D) Japanese encephalitis
Answer: (A) Polio
Explanation: Polio (Poliomyelitis). It is a disease caused by the poliovirus. It invades the nervous system and can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours.
Q41. Which of the following diseases marked by dementia, diarrhoea, and dermatitis, is also known as ‘the three Ds’?
(A) Pellagra
(B) Osteoporosis
(C) Xerophthalmia
(D) Scurvy
Answer: (A) Pellagra
Explanation: Pellagra is a disease that results due to severe Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency. The disease can also develop due to : Gastrointestinal diseases, Weight loss (bariatric) surgery, Anorexia Excessive alcohol use, Carcinoid syndrome (group of symptoms associated with tumours of the small intestine, colon, appendix, and bronchial tubes in the lungs).
Q42. Which of the following causative agents causes the disease Ebola?
(A) Bacteria
(B) Fungus
(C) Virus
(D) Protozoan
Answer: (C) Virus
Explanation: Ebola – It is a group of deadly diseases in people caused by four ebola viruses within the genus Ebolavirus. Within the genus Ebolavirus, 6 species have been identified: Zaire, Bundibugyo, Sudan, Taï Forest, Reston and Bombali.
Q43. AMR occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness and death. What is the full form of AMR?
(A) Acute Microbial Resistance
(B) Antimalarial Resistance
(C) Anti Measles Resistance
(D) Antimicrobial Resistance
Answer: (D) Antimicrobial Resistance
Explanation: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR).
Q44. What is another name for the disorder called ‘parasomnia’ ?
(A) Night blindness
(B) Seasickness
(C) Sleepwalking
(D) Stammering
Answer: (C) Sleepwalking
Explanation: A parasomnia involves unusual and undesirable physical events or experiences that disrupt your sleep. Sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) is a disease caused by infection with the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense.
Q45. Trachoma is a preventable disease that results from poor hygiene and sanitation. Which of the following body parts does it affect?
(A) Eye
(B) Ear
(C) Stomach
(D) Heart
Answer: (A) Eye
Explanation: Trachoma – It is a disease of the eye caused by infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Blindness from trachoma is irreversible.
Q46. Which of the following diseases is caused by Helicobacter pylori?
(A) Gastritis
(B) Ringworm
(C) Chikungunya
(D) Rubella
Answer: (A) Gastritis
Explanation: Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacteria that causes infection in the stomach. It is the main cause of peptic ulcers, and it can also cause gastritis and stomach cancer.
Q47. The cause of Siderosis is excessive deposition of __ in the body tissue.
(A) iron
(B) aluminium
(C) coal
(D) zinc
Answer: (A) iron
Explanation: Siderosis is a type of occupational lung disease caused by inhaling iron particles through dust or fumes. This can happen during welding, grinding, foundry work, paint manufacture, or iron ore mining among other similar occupations where a person is exposed to fine iron dust or fumes.
Q48. Which of the following diseases damages the eye’s optic nerve and results in vision loss and blindness and occurs when the normal fluid pressure inside the eyes slowly rises?
(A) Vitiligo
(B) Psoriasis
(C) Gonorrhea
(D) Glaucoma
Answer: (D) Glaucoma
Explanation: Vitiligo is a disease that causes loss of skin color in patches. Gonorrhea is an infection caused by a sexually transmitted bacterium that infects both males and females. Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes a rash with itchy, scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp.
Q49. Leukaemia is a cancer of the :
(A) skin
(B) blood
(C) lungs
(D) uterus
Answer: (B) blood
Explanation: Leukaemia affects White Blood Cells and can be classified by the type of white cell affected (myeloid or lymphatic) and by the way the disease progresses (acute or chronic).
Q50. Nyctophobia is the fear of:
(A) Darkness
(B) Birds
(C) Animals
(D) Light
Answer: (A) Darkness
Explanation: Fear of birds (Ornithophobia), fear of animals (Zoophobia), fear of light (Photophobia).